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Eve Marder is an American neuroscientist known for her work on neural circuits in the lobster stomatogastric-ganglion (STG) system. She discovered that circuits are not “hard-wired” to produce a single output or behavior, but can be reconfigured by neurotransmitters to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. This work changed the way scientists view the structure and function of circuits in the brain and is thought to be a general concept that can be applied to humans. Her work on the 30 neurons comprising the lobster STG system has produced many notable findings. She found that circuits can be modulated by many neuromodulators, not just neurotransmitters. She pioneered work on plasticity and homeostasis, or how the brain can change during learning and development yet remain structurally stable. Her recent work examining differences between healthy individuals shows that a variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons. She developed the dynamic clamp, a method for inducing mathematically modeled conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits, with Larry Abbott. She received her B.A. at Brandeis University and Ph.D. at University of California, San Diego. Her doctoral work on the role of acetylcholine in the lobster STG system led to a single-author ''Nature'' paper. She completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon in Eugene and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. She is a Professor of Biology at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, United States National Academy of Sciences, on the National Institutes of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative, and is a former president of the Society for Neuroscience.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/faculty/marder.html )〕 She is a senior editor at eLife. She had an early interest in politics and often writes about science, politics, and society. ==Awards== *Gruber Award in Neuroscience (2013) *Member Institute of Medicine (2013) *George A. Miller Prize, Cognitive Neuroscience Society (2012) *Karl Spenser Lashley Prize, American Philosophical Society (2012) *Honorary Doctor of Science, Bowdoin College (2010) *Fellow, Biophysical Society (2008) *Member, National Academy of Sciences (2007) *President, Society for Neuroscience (2007) *President-Elect, Society for Neuroscience (2006–2007) *Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience (2005) *Trustee of the Grass Foundation (2002–2005) *Women in Neuroscience Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award (2002–2003) *Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001–2001) *MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) Award, National Institutes of Health (1995–2000) *McKnight Endowment fund for Neuroscience Investigator Award (1994) *Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Advisory Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Council (1987–1994) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eve Marder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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